HDAC9 and diabetes mellitus: High glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species [48], and normalization of SOD1 activity was associated with consequent bolstering of anti-oxidant defenses in diabetes [49].The present study shows that SOD1 was markedly increased by HDAC inhibition, suggesting that the increased anti-oxidant stress elicited by HDAC inhibition accounts for the suppression of myocardial remodeling in the diabetic heart.