Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder characterised by sustained hyperglycaemia of varying severity secondary to lack and/or diminished efficacy of endogenous insulin.1 Based on aetiology DM can be classified into type 1 (insulin-dependent) DM, type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) DM, gestational DM, and other specific types of DM.2 Type 1 DM (T1DM), which accounts for only 5% – 10% of all types of DM, results from a cellular-mediated auto-immune destruction of β-cells of the pancreas. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.