1999; Niu et al. 2003). This might be due to insulin’s key role in mounting a HSP response and might explain why diabetics have decreased HSP72 expression, correlated with their degree of insulin resistance (Li et al. 2006). Interestingly, strategies intended to increase HSP, including thermal therapy, HSP72 overexpression, and HSP coinducers protect against obesity-induced insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity in human and rodent models of diabetes and obesity (Hooper 1999; Kokura et al. 2007; Chung et al. 2008; Gupte et al. 2009). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.