the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, ACC, FAS and LEP showed a 15 %, 26 %, 19 %, 19 % and 22 % decrease, respectively, in middle-dose group, compared with those of the positive control group (NAFLD rats) (Fig. 3a). Here, SREBF1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.