While our results cannot clearly answer this question, we did show that the lower PON1 activity depended on the number of concomitant CVD risk factors (diabetes, obesity, high arterial blood pressure, alcohol, smoking, and ACS family history) (Fig 3), that is, the greater the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, the lower the PON1 paraoxonase activity. The gene discussed is PON1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.