APOE and atherosclerosis: In DBA/2 mice [22] and in apolipoprotein E–deficient non-CKD mice [23], a recognized model of atherosclerosis, vascular calcifications developed in less than 4 weeks with the administration of supra-therapeutic doses of warfarin (3.0 mg/g of diet) even when the diet was supplemented with vitamin K1 (1.5 mg/g of diet).