About 10% of ALS cases are familial (fALS) and are caused by mutations in one of at least 32 known genetic loci, which include superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) [94], Tar DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) [95], fused in sarcoma (FUS) [47], and C9ORF72 [48]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.