In the study by Wolkow et al., five inflammatory markers—IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interferon γ-inducible protein (IP-10), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1d—were measured in urine samples collected from individuals with type 1 diabetes [49]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.