In a rat model of diabetes 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA, 1 mg/kg), an ER chaperone, attenuates manifestations of diabetic nephropathy including markers of renal oxidative stress such as NADPH oxidase activity, however the investigators only assessed one marker of ER stress (IRE1α) and 4-PBA treatment was associated with improved glycemic control and markers of renal function (BUN and creatinine) were unchanged [171]. The gene discussed is ERN1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.