Further investigations are needed to determine if late-onset retinal or macular degeneration, such as reticular pseudodrusen (Figure 5), basal laminar drusen (Figure 5), pattern dystrophy of the RPE, vitelliform macular dystrophy and mutations arising from EFEMP-1 (Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy, Figure 5), TIMP-3 (Sorsby fundus dystrophy) or CTRP5 (late-onset retinal degeneration), can also be modelled through derivation of retinal cells from iPSCs. The gene discussed is EFEMP1; the disease is Familial drusen.