APP and Alzheimer disease: Pharmacological interventions may be used in conjunction with gene therapy; for example, administration of withanolides and withanosides reverse AD pathology in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing LRP1 in the brain microvessels and liver (Sehgal et al., 2012), olive-oil-derived oleocanthal enhances cerebral Aβ clearance by upregulating LRP1 at the BBB (Abuznait et al., 2013).