When birinapant was added to carboplatin and tested in vitro against nine independent chemo-naive human HGSCs, bulk tumours cells were eradicated in the six specimens with high cIAP expression in their CA125-negative population (Fig. 4b and Supplementary Data 1 (n=6, patients 1–4 in Fig. 3e and patients 7 and 9 in Fig. 4b)). This evidence concerns the gene MUC16 and neoplasm.