LEFTY1 and seminoma: Furthermore, additional EC and pluripotency genes were upregulated (SOX2, LEFTY1 /2, DNMT3L, SALL4, DPPA5, BCAT1, FZD7, LIN28, ZIC3), while seminoma-associated genes where downregulated (SOX17, TFAP2C, cKIT, PRAME), without changing 5mC-levels (D and E in S1 Data) [3] [17] [5].