Furthermore, a qRT-PCR analysis verified that pluripotency and epigenetic reprogramming factors (SOX2, ZIC3, GDF3, NODAL, DPPA3, DNMT3B, GAL, JARID2, REX1, WNT3, PRDM14) are expressed higher on average in EC cell lines (2102EP, NCCIT, NT2/D1, 833KE, GCT27, H12) than in parental TCam-2, while expression of seminoma markers SOX17 and TFAP2C is considerably higher in TCam-2 (S5C Fig). This evidence concerns the gene NODAL and seminoma.