TGFB1 and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: Consistent with the in vitro results indicating that p29 reversed the impaired myogenic differentiation resulting from the LGMD-causing mutant caveolin 3, local injection of p29 alleviated muscle atrophy in TGF-β-activated muscles in LGMD1C model mice by restoration of enhanced TGF-β signaling in vivo.