Although there was no relationship between cagA, pre-EPIYA types, and vacA s and m types with clinical outcomes in the Nepalese population (P = 0.86, P = 0.96, P = 0.92 and P = 0.06, respectively), all strains from DU, GU, and gastric cancer cases were of the Western-type-cagA, non-deletion type, and vacA s1. Here, S100A8 is linked to gastric cancer.