ATF6 and ischemia: Reports also establish a role for ER stress in the heart, with ischemia activating the ATF6 dependent branch of the ER stress response [96,97], with sustained stress such as pressure overload causing cardiac expression of ER chaperones [98] or during severe stress such as ischemia/reperfusion with overexpression of ATF6 reducing the amount of necrosis and apoptosis [99].