In this study, which includes both new UK data and the first formal meta-analysis of published data on HLA-DRB1 associations of GCA, we not only confirm a strong association of GCA with HLA-DRB1*04 allele carriage, including within our own UK data, but also identify possible protective effects of HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DRB1*15, supported by the meta-analysis of previous studies. The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is temporal arteritis.