A series of studies have demonstrated that the blockade of Rho/ROCK is considered to be beneficial for inflammatory demyelination and degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) and has proved to be efficacious in animal models of stroke [2], multiple sclerosis (MS) [3–6], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [7], Alzheimer's disease (AD) [8] and Parkinson's disease (PD) [9,10]. The gene discussed is RHO; the disease is Alzheimer disease.