IL27 and infection: Surprisingly, IL-27R-/- mice even showed significantly higher amounts of IL-10 in both plasma (up to 14 folds) and supernatant fluids of cultured spleen cells or liver leukocytes on day 10 after infection (p<0.01 or <0.05, Fig 4B), demonstrating that secretion of IL-10 was strengthened, rather than impaired in IL-27R-/- mice infected with African trypanosomes, probably due to deficiency of the immune regulation mediated by IL-27 signaling in those infected IL-27R-/- mice.