Caruso et al. reported that miR-145 is upregulated in PAH patients and in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced PAH, as well as in the lungs of mice with mutant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type-2 (BMPR2), a receptor for the TGF-β superfamily [37]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.