TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In order to fully explore the PPARγ/TNF-α pathway, we also clarified the relation between PPARγ and TNF-α using PPARγ antagonist GW9662 in a NAFLD cell model induced by free fat acid [14], of which the results showed that the production of TNF-α was evaluated in GW9662 10 mmol/L group, while the TNF-α decreased in rosiglitazone 2 mmol/L group, suggesting TNF-α is strongly related to PPARγ.