In this regard, our previous studies conducted in the ID8, a highly clinical relevant murine ovarian cancer, demonstrated that single checkpoint inhibitor such α-PD-1 or α-TIM3 antibody was ineffective in preventing peritoneal tumor growth while combined treatment with checkpoint inhibitors and immune-stimulating antibodies produced a potently synergistic antitumor effect, leading to the regression of the established tumors [25, 26]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.