Using a murine glioma model along with separate adenoviral vectors (Ad) encoding herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase (Ad-TK) and fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Ad-Flt3L), which were used to kill tumor cells and recruit APCs to the microenvironment, Candolfi et al. showed that treatment with Ad-TK + Ad-Flt3L produced long-term survivors in 60% of WT mice but 0% in B-cell depleted mice (160). Here, TKT is linked to central nervous system cancer.