PDCD1 and glioma: Concurrently, greater degrees of PD-1 expression on peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are also observed in gliomas of higher malignant grade (119), and co-culturing alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with PD-L1-expressing glioma cells significantly depresses the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-2 (118).