Higher plasma levels of S100A12 were associated with higher risk for development of PAD or death in both crude and age-sex adjusted models, HR 1.23; 95% CI [1.01, 1.49] and HR 1.22; 95% CI [1.00, 1.49] per 100 ng/mL increase in S100A12. The gene discussed is S100A12; the disease is peripheral arterial disease.