The blockade of BMP signaling with DMH1 significantly enhances the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6 and GM-CSF), chemokines (i.e., IL-8, CCL2, and CCL5), and MMPs (i.e., MMP-2 and MMP-3) induced in RA synoviocytes by the simultaneous treatment with IL-17 and TNF-α alone or in combination. Here, CCL2 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.