A lot of comorbidities are associated with CKD, including high incidence of cardiovascular disease in CKD with increased exposure to contrast agents, use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs in the existence of undiagnosed renal artery stenosis, and impaired autoregulation of renal blood flow in diabetic patients permitting low renal perfusion during systemic hypotension. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and chronic kidney disease.