A potential candidate was the secreted JAK-STAT cytokine Unpaired-3 (Upd-3), because it has been shown that JNK signaling can activate Upd-3 expression, which mediates proliferation, tissue repair, and in some cases tumor growth (Pastor-Pareja et al., 2008; Beebe et al., 2010; Buchon et al., 2009b; Wu et al., 2010; Osman et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and neoplasm.