BRAF and metastatic melanoma: Although historical survival rates for patients with metastatic melanoma have been low until recently [2, 3], clinical management of this disease has significantly improved over the last 3–4 years thanks to the introduction of two classes of drugs: a) immunological checkpoint inhibitors such as monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 [4]; b) small molecule kinase inhibitors of the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for the approximately 50% of patients bearing mutations of the BRAF oncogene [5].