Against this backdrop, the anti-rHpuA and anti-rHmbR antisera may still limit meningococcal infection via promotion of opsonophagocytosis, which has been described for a non-bactericidal IgG3 antibody preparation induced in recipients of the Norwegian serogroup B meningococcal vaccine [63], or via the inhibition of Hb utilisation by preventing interactions between the Hb receptors and Hb or Hb complexes. Here, GSTM1 is linked to meningococcal infection.