Comparison of TNFα-induced mRNA and protein expression levels of for the four cytokines in Figs 2 and 3 shows that CCL2, CCL13, and IL8 had increased levels in both fatal asthma- and non-asthma-derived ASM, while CXCL12 had decreased levels in all but a few qPCR samples. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and asthma.