DCC and gastric cancer: To assess associations between DCC expression status and epigenetic alterations in the DCC gene, we examined messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using a primer set previously described [31] and examined associations between DCC expression and CpG methylation status in the DCC promoter region in 10 gastric cancer cell lines (MKN7, N87, MKN74, MKN45, NUGC-2, NUGC-3, NUGC-4, GCIY, OGUM-1, and MKN1) and one normal lung fibroblast cell line (NHLF).