Interestingly, gastric cancers with defects in either UNC5C or DCC did not show distant metastasis (Fig. 4e), suggesting that the cumulative alterations of netrin-1 receptors was a late event in gastric cancer progression, significantly associated with CIN-positive gastric cancers through increasing the LOH ratio (Fig. 4d, g) rather than MSI and mutational status (Fig. 4f). This evidence concerns the gene UNC5C and gastric cancer.