By stratifying gastric cancers based on individual defects in either UNC5C or DCC and their relationship with tumor stage, UNC5C alterations were found in 18 % (2/11 informative cases), 48 % (12/25 informative cases), 63 % (19/30 informative cases), and 64 % (7/11 informative cases) of stages I, II, III, and IV cancers, respectively, showing that UNC5C alterations gradually developed according to the progression of the TNM stage (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene DCC and cancer.