Based on the results described above, a role for LTβR signalling in the progression of ICC was further investigated using a recently described ICC model driven by oncogenes AKT and active form of Notch, NICD.15 Hydrodynamic transfection of AKT/NICD, combined with chronic administration of anti-LTβR, dramatically increased liver weight (VC=1.1 g to anti-LTβR=2.2 g) and levels of cotransfected oncogenic reporter, Gaussia luciferase increased twofold (figure 4A). Here, LTBR is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.