AKT1 and cholangiocarcinoma: Specifically, Sleeping Beauty (SB) mediated transposition,13 using plasmids containing oncogenic myristoylated-AKT (AKT)/Δ90β-catenin (CAT) have been shown to initiate liver tumours consisting predominantly of hepatocellular adenoma with some regions of HCC,14 while AKT/Notch-intracellular domain (NICD) has been shown to selectively drive ICC.15 The novel potential roles of LTβR signalling in ICC were also evaluated in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and by comparisons with samples obtained from patients with liver cancer.