A marked decrease in the expression of β-catenin, iNOS and HSP-90 was seen in the ‘5-FU’ (P = 0.03 × 10−4; P = 0.05 × 10−6 and P = 0.03 × 10−5, respectively), ‘VitD’ (P = 0.002; P = 0.04 × 10−3 and P = 0.02 × 10−6, respectively) and ‘5-FU/D’ (P = 0.02 × 10−5; P = 0.07 × 10−5 and P = 0.01 × 10−8, respectively) groups when compared with ‘AOM group’ (Table 3). The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is infectious otitis media.