VCAM1 and diabetes mellitus: Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that STZ-induced diabetes was associated with significantly up-regulated MCP-1 (Mcp1), CSF-1 (Csf1), ICAM-1 (Icam1), and VCAM-1 (Vcam1) expression in Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− mice, and these changes in expression were reversed by digitoflavone in Nrf2+/+ mice only (Fig. 6A).