CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL5 were included because CXC-chemokines might contribute to detrimental inflammation and neutrophil influx, or might be biomarkers of lung disease (Gong et al., 1996; Flynn and Chan, 2001; Turner et al., 2002; Beamer et al., 2008a,b; Cooper, 2009; Higgins et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2011; Gopal et al., 2013; Nouailles et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and lung disorder.