This may relate to the aforementioned activity of HIF-1α in CLL cells in both normoxia and hypoxia.14 Furthermore, CTM inhibits the formation of functional HIF-1α/HIF-1β/p300(CBP) transcriptional complexes by acting upon the p300 coactivator.15 The actions of p300 as a coactivator are not restricted to HIF signaling and other p300 signaling pathways in CLL include the NFκB pathway.16 Therefore, the CLL cell death associated with CTM treatment may also be attributed to this or some other non-HIF function of p300 that is invariant between normoxia and hypoxia. Here, HSF4 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.