Studies have already shown that dysregulation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (Hansen et al, 1997; Engelman et al, 2006) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (Bost et al, 2005; Wu et al, 2006; Jiao et al, 2013) lead to defective insulin response and subsequent insulin resistance. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.