VEGFA and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In conclusion, based on the outcomes of the present study, and in conjunction with our previous data (23), we confirmed that arnebin-1 markedly promotes the angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro and that the topical application of arnebin-1 ointment accelerates the wound healing process in type I diabetic rats by inducing the expression levels of eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α through the PI3K-dependent signaling pathway.