Pathway enrichment analysis based upon the validated gene targets revealed that these 5 miRNAs were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with pathways relevant in lung cancer biology and lung development such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT, p53, ErbB, focal adhesion, steroid hormone biosynthesis, HIF1 and neurotrophin signaling pathways (Supplementary Table S3). Here, BDNF is linked to lung cancer.