HMGB1 and infection: As expected, the opposite response was observed when recombinant human HMGB1 was administrated during early infection, inducing a significant increase of bacilli loads, in coexistence with low expression of proinflammatory cytokines and a striking high expression of IL-10 and numerous Treg cells in the infected lungs, which confirm the efficiency of HMGB1 in the recruitment and activation of this cell type [35].