Interestingly, the administration of recombinant HMGB1 in high concentrations, similar than found at day one of infection, induced significant higher bacilli loads, more extensive tissue damage, lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines with high expression of IL-10, in coexistence with numerous T regulatory cells, suggesting that not only the type of HMGB1, reduced or oxidized, but also the amount of the protein is important to regulate the immune response and its interaction with specific subtypes of T cells. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and infection.