In comparison with the control group, mice treated with recombinant HMGB1 showed significant lower expression of IFNγ, TNFα and IL-17 in all time points and significant higher IL-10 expression at 14, 21 and 28 days of infection (Fig 6), with numerous immunostainedcells with antibodies against foxP3 and IL-10 (Fig 5I and 5J). Here, TNF is linked to infection.