HMGB1 and infection: HMGB1 detection by Western-blot in BALF showed a strong band on day one post-infection, which almost disappear on day 3; from day 7 to 21 the double band corresponding to the oxidized form of HMGB1 was clearly detected, while during progressive disease only the single band corresponding to the reduced form was observed (Fig 1).HMGB-1 was not detected in BALF from non-infected animals by ELISA or Western-blot studies (data not shown).