In conclusion, our data support a model in which human obesity leads to the elevated expression of IL-6R and IL-6 in the adipose tissue, with increased tissue expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IP-10 and infiltration by CD11b+/CD163+ macrophages as the underlying features of meta-inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene CD163 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.