In contrast with IL-5, IL-23 increased GM-CSF expression by CD4+ T cells and ILC in colitis (Griseri et al., 2012 and data not shown), pinpointing an IL-23-GM-CSF-eosinophil axis in colitis that can boost basal IL-5 dependent eosinophilia. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and Increased total eosinophil count.