MPC1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: The structural resemblance of 3-BrPA to pyruvate and lactate [12, 58] impelled us to examine the contribution of MCT1, MCT4 and SMCT1 plasma-membrane monocarboxylate transporters [59, 60], as well as MPC1 and MPC2 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier components [61], to bladder cancer cell responsiveness to 3-BrPA.