To further determine the protective effects of kallistatin on sepsis-related ALI, we transfected mice with plasmid DNA carrying human kallistatin cDNA (pcDNA3.1-KS) or control plasmid (pcDNA3.1) 10 μg diluted in 50 μl of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by intranasal administration 16 h before ALI induced by LPS. Here, SERPINA4 is linked to Sepsis.