Subsequent analysis of LKB1−/− NSCLC tumour lines revealed inactivation of the AMPK-ULK1 signalling thus phenocopying the mitochondrial defects and reduced autophagy observed in Ampk−/− and Ulk1−/− murine embryonic fibroblasts (Shackelford et al, 2013b). Here, ULK1 is linked to neoplasm.