While our findings provide a potential explanation for the inverse association between Mediterranean diet and diabetes risk, as GLP-1 may reduce cellular apoptosis in the pancreatic β-cells and promote β-cell proliferation,15 the positive effect of EVOO on insulin and LDL-C opens new avenues to counteract the potentially deleterious effects on vascular function related to post-prandial spikes in glucose and lipid.19 Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.