Because IL-10 blocks the development of resistance to re-infection with S. mansoni [63], the inhibition of IL-10 production in the combined PZQ+EDLF treatment at late stages of infection, together with its drastic inhibitory action on granuloma formation and egg count, suggests that this combination treatment could be of particular interest for a prophylactic use against schistosomiasis. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is schistosomiasis.