Because at this early stage of infection (week 3 p.i.)the IL-4 and IL-10 levels were not affected by the infection (Figs 5 and 6), these data indicated that the Th2 and Treg responses were not elicited by the parasite at this infection period, and thereby the actions detected on the IL-10 level following the above three treatments suggested a direct interaction of PZQ and EDLF with the corresponding T cell subsets. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is infection.