In order to explore the effect of EDLF-containing treatments on cellular immune response, we used a flow cytometry-based methodology to measure the levels of several cytokines in the sera of mice at 3 and 8 weeks p.i. At early stages of infection (3rd week p.i.), the distinct PZQ, EDLF or PZQ+EDLF treatments drastically inhibited the infection-induced increase in IL-2 production, as a typical Th1 cytokine, whereas the Th2 cytokine IL-4 level was not affected (Fig 5). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and infection.