VEGFA and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In the case of ALS, retinoid-regulated neuronal genes might impact on important cellular processes, such as the antioxidant response (SOD1), neuroinflammation and immune modulation (VEGF, IL2, p65 subunit of NFkβ), cytoskeletal organization (neurofilament L, M, H proteins), ion transport (K+ channel Kir2.1, L-type and N-type Ca++ channels), intracelular signaling (phospholipase A2, CREB, PKA), and synaptic homeostasis (ChAT, vesicular ACh and GABA transporters, NMDA receptor NR1 and kainate receptor GluR6) (Lane and Bailey, 2005; Kolarcik and Bowser, 2012).