TGFB1 and neoplasm: To our knowledge, ours is the first work where a systematic measurement of microRNA expression is performed in glioblastoma peritumoral areas, and the results yielded by such a study, together with the gene expression analysis of the same samples, indicate that peritumoral regions share with frankly tumor areas a mRNA and microRNA signature distinctive of TGFβ activation and possibly of the involvement of cell types mediating a general immunosuppressive condition.