Furthermore, since we have shown that the JNK signalling pathway was important in the invasive properties of these tumours and sufficient to cooperate with RasACT in Drosophila and mammalian invasive tumour growth (Brumby et al., 2011), we wished to examine the correlation of expression of the human JNKK and JNK homologs with BTB-Zn finger genes in human cancer. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is cancer.